Context: The essential role of a general dental practitioner is recognizing the nature of the oral cavity lesions. Periapical lesions, which are\nobserved in radiographs of patients, may have odontogenic or nonodontogenic origins. This review aimed to study differential diagnosis\nof common and important periapical lesions.\nEvidence Acquisition: English-language literature were searched by manual and electronic search with the terms ââ?¬Å?periapical lesionsââ?¬Â,\nââ?¬Å?jaw neoplasmsââ?¬Â, and ââ?¬Å?non-odontogenic lesionsââ?¬Â in three data bases of MEDLINE, Google scholar, and SCOPUS among published studies\nsince 2000 to 2013. All review articles, original articles, case reports, and case series were evaluated.\nResults: In this study, it has been showed that many periapical lesions have not endodontic origin and not healing by root canal therapy.\nConclusions: The authors recommended to have paraclinical tests, especially vitality tests, in addition to clinical and radiographic\nexaminations to avoid endodontic mistreatment. In suspicious cases, biopsy of lesions, referral to pathologist, and long-term fallow-up is\nrequired.
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